Closing costs·Pillar III: Assets

Nobody mentions this untilyou’re at the table.

Closing costs are 2–5% of the purchase price. On a $300K home, that’s $6,000 to $15,000 in addition to your down payment. Buyers who don’t know this get surprised at closing. We’re telling you now.

The full picture

The day you close, two thingsare due.

Your down payment and your closing costs. Both are due at the same time. Most people budget for one and get surprised by the other.

Down payment ($300K home)
$9–60K

3% to 20% of purchase price. Varies by loan type and down payment strategy.

Closing costs ($300K home)
$6–15K

2–5% of purchase price. Due at closing in addition to the down payment.

Total cash to close ($300K)
$15–75K

Combined total. This is the number to plan around — not just the down payment.

The good news: DPA programs can cover closing costs, not just down payments. Some buyers get to the table with both covered.

Every fee explained

$300K home. Every line item.

This is an approximation — exact amounts vary by lender, location, and loan type. But this is what a real closing looks like. No surprises.

FeeTypical amountNegotiable?
Origination fee
Lender charge for processing the loan. The most negotiable lender fee — shop this.
~$3,000
Yes
Appraisal
Independent home valuation required by the lender to confirm value.
$400–600
Sometimes
Credit report
Lender pulls tri-merge credit report from all three bureaus.
$25–75
No
Underwriting fee
Lender charge for reviewing and approving the loan file.
$400–900
Sometimes
Processing fee
Administrative cost for processing the loan paperwork.
$300–700
Sometimes
Title search
Verifies clean title — no liens, unpaid taxes, or ownership disputes.
$200–400
Yes
Title insurance (lender)
Protects the lender against title defects. Required. One-time premium.
$500–1,500
Sometimes
Title insurance (owner)
Optional but strongly recommended. Protects you, not the lender.
$300–900
Yes
Recording fees
Government charge to record the deed and mortgage with the county.
$100–250
No
Survey
Property boundary survey — required by some lenders and states.
$400–700
No
Attorney fee
Required in attorney-state closings (PA, NC, and others). Closing agent fee elsewhere.
$500–1,200
Sometimes
Estimated total (2.9%)
~$8,650
The other thing people forget

Prepaids. They’re differentfrom closing costs.

Closing costs pay for services. Prepaids are future expenses collected upfront — money going into escrow for taxes and insurance, plus interest for the partial month you close in. Both appear on your Closing Disclosure.

Prepaid

Homeowners insurance

1-year premium upfront

Full first-year premium collected at closing. Then 1-2 months added to escrow as a buffer. Expect $1,000–2,500 depending on your home and location.

Prepaid

Property tax escrow

2–6 months

Months of estimated property taxes deposited into your escrow account upfront. The exact amount depends on when in the year you close and your local tax rate.

Prepaid

Prepaid interest

Days until first payment

Interest for the days between closing and your first full mortgage month. Close on the 1st and you owe almost a full month. Close on the 28th and you owe a few days.

Reduction strategies

Five ways to pay lessat closing.

01.

Shop lender fees

Origination fees, underwriting fees, and processing fees vary by lender. Request Loan Estimates from multiple lenders and compare Section A — those numbers move.

02.

Ask about seller concessions

In slower markets, sellers sometimes cover buyer closing costs. FHA allows up to 6%, Conventional allows 3–9% depending on down payment, VA allows 4%.

03.

Use lender credits

Accept a slightly higher interest rate and the lender credits you cash at closing. The trade-off: you pay more over time. Good if cash at closing is tight now.

04.

Stack DPA programs

Many down payment assistance programs also cover closing costs — not just down payments. In Pittsburgh, Keystone Advantage covers closing costs up to $10,000.

05.

Close at end of month

Closing near the end of the month reduces prepaid interest — you owe interest for fewer days before your first payment. Minor savings but real.

The document that matters

Page 3 of your Closing Disclosure is where the truth lives.

The Closing Disclosure is a CFPB-mandated 3-page document delivered 3 business days before closing. You have 72 hours to review it. Use them. Page 3 shows your APR (the real cost of the loan) and your 5-year total cost. That’s what you compare when shopping lenders — not just the rate.

Page 1
Loan terms and projected payments

Your rate, loan amount, whether the rate is fixed or adjustable, and the projected monthly payment breakdown (P&I + estimated taxes/insurance/PMI).

Page 2
Closing cost details

Every fee, organized by category — what you owe to the lender, to third parties, and what’s prepaid. This is where you verify against your Loan Estimate.

Page 3
APR, total interest, and 5-year cost

The real cost of your loan. APR includes fees the rate doesn’t. The 5-year cost shows what you’ll spend through year 5. Compare this number across lenders — not just the rate.

Security warning

Wire fraud isn’t a “what if.” It’s a “what happens every day.”

Criminals hack real estate email chains, send fake wire instructions, and steal down payments. Tens of thousands of buyers lose their money this way every year. The fix is simple: before wiring any money, call your title company or lender directly — from a number you already have, not from an email. Verify the wire instructions verbally. Every time.

You are on step 1 of 4 · Budget

You've seen the full closing cost picture — and five ways to reduce it.

Next up: Income. Credit. Assets.

Keep the momentum. Step 2 · Three Pillars picks up exactly where this page leaves off — still free, still no credit pull, still no sales call.

See If I Qualify